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Calumet and Hecla Industrial District
The Calumet and Hecla Industrial District is a historic district located in Calumet, Michigan and roughly bounded by Hecla and Torch Lake railroad tracks, Calumet Avenue, Mine and Depot Streets. The district contains structures associated with the copper mines worked by the Calumet and Hecla Mining Company, located along a line above the copper lode, where railroad tracks connected separate mine heads.〔(Calumet and Hecla Industrial District ) from the state of Michigan〕 The Historic District is completely contained in the Calumet Historic District (a National Historic Landmark District) and the Keweenaw National Historical Park. It was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1973〔 and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.〔
== History ==
The copper lode underneath the Calumet and Hecla Industrial District was discovered in 1858 by Edwin J. Hulbert, who immediately garnered investors, bought the property, and established the Hulbert Mining Company.〔 The Hulbert Mining Company had two subsidiaries: the Calumet Mining Company and the Hecla Mining Company.〔 Hulbert began mining operations in the area, but his inexperience resulted in low yields.〔 In 1867, his investors replaced him with Alexander Agassiz. Under Agassiz's management, the Calumet and Hecla mines rapidly increased production, and by 1870 were producing over half of the United States' copper.〔 In 1871, the Calumet and Hecla Mining Companies were consolidated, along with the Scott and Portland Mining Companies, to form the Calumet and Hecla Mining Company.〔(Charles K. Hyde, Diane B. Abbott, Historic American Engineering Record ), ''The Upper peninsula of Michigan: an inventory of historic engineering and industrial sites'', Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, US Department of Interior, 1978, pp. 8-16.〕
Agassiz was the president of the newly incorporated company, a position he held until his death in 1910.〔 The company prospered under his leadership;〔 in particular it underwent substantial growth between 1880 and 1910, when most of these buildings currently standing in the district were built. However, after a 1913 mining strike, the company gradually declined,〔 and was weakened further by the onset of the Great Depression.〔 Finally, in 1968, the company was purchased by Universal Oil Products,〔 who closed the Keweenaw mines for good.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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